We will cover three main topics:
- GET and POST requests
- Download data from the server
- Upload data to the server using MultipartRequest
As a server we will use three simple Servlet running inside Tomcat 7.0. We won't cover how to create a Servlet using API 3.0 but the source code will be available soon.
GET and POST requests
GET and POST requests are the base blocks in HTTP protocol. To make this kind of requests we need first to open a connection toward the remove server:
HttpURLConnection con = (HttpURLConnection) ( new URL(url)).openConnection();
con.setRequestMethod("POST");
con.setDoInput(true);
con.setDoOutput(true);
con.connect();
In the first line we get the HttpURLConnection, while in the line 2 we set the method and at the end we connect to the server.
Once we have opened the connection we can write on it using the OutputStream.
con.getOutputStream().write( ("name=" + name).getBytes());
As we already know parameters are written using key value pair.
The last step is reading the response, using the InputStream:
InputStream is = con.getInputStream(); byte[] b = new byte[1024]; while ( is.read(b) != -1) buffer.append(new String(b)); con.disconnect();
Everything is very simple by now, but we have to remember one thing: making an HTTP connection is a time consuming operation that could require long time sometime so we can't run it in the main thread otherwise we could get a ANR problem. To solve it we can use an AsyncTask.
private class SendHttpRequestTask extends AsyncTask<String, Void, String>{
@Override
protected String doInBackground(String... params) {
String url = params[0];
String name = params[1];
String data = sendHttpRequest(url, name);
return data;
}
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(String result) {
edtResp.setText(result);
item.setActionView(null);
}
}
Running the app we get:
 |  |
As we can see we post a name to the server and it responds with the classic ‘Hello….’. On the server side we can check that the server received correctly our post parameter:
Download data from server
One of the most common scenario is when an Android App has to download some data from a remote sever. We can suppose that we want to download an image from the server. In this case we have always to use an AsyncTask to complete our operation, the code is shown below:public byte[] downloadImage(String imgName) {
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
try {
System.out.println("URL ["+url+"] - Name ["+imgName+"]");
HttpURLConnection con = (HttpURLConnection) ( new URL(url)).openConnection();
con.setRequestMethod("POST");
con.setDoInput(true);
con.setDoOutput(true);
con.connect();
con.getOutputStream().write( ("name=" + imgName).getBytes());
InputStream is = con.getInputStream();
byte[] b = new byte[1024];
while ( is.read(b) != -1)
baos.write(b);
con.disconnect();
}
catch(Throwable t) {
t.printStackTrace();
}
return baos.toByteArray();
}
This method is called in this way:
private class SendHttpRequestTask extends AsyncTask<String, Void, byte[]> {
@Override
protected byte[] doInBackground(String... params) {
String url = params[0];
String name = params[1];
HttpClient client = new HttpClient(url);
byte[] data = client.downloadImage(name);
return data;
}
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(byte[] result) {
Bitmap img = BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(result, 0, result.length);
imgView.setImageBitmap(img);
item.setActionView(null);
}
}
Running the app we have:
Upload data to the server using MultipartRequest
This the most complex part in handling http connection. Natively HttpURLConnection doesn’t handle this type of request. It can happen that an Android App has to upload some binary data to the server. It can be that an app has to upload an image for example. In this case the request get more complex, because a “normal” request isn’t enough. We have to create a MultipartRequest.
A MultipartRequest is a request that is made by different parts like parameters and binary data. How can we handle this request?
Well the first step is opening a connection informing the server we wants to send some binary info:
public void connectForMultipart() throws Exception {
con = (HttpURLConnection) ( new URL(url)).openConnection();
con.setRequestMethod("POST");
con.setDoInput(true);
con.setDoOutput(true);
con.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
con.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "multipart/form-data; boundary=" + boundary);
con.connect();
os = con.getOutputStream();
}
In the line 6 and 7 we specify the request content-type and another field called boundary. This field is a char sequence used to separate different parts.
For each part we want to add we need to specify if it is text part like post parameter or it is a file (so binary data).
public void addFormPart(String paramName, String value) throws Exception {
writeParamData(paramName, value);
}
private void writeParamData(String paramName, String value) throws Exception {
os.write( (delimiter + boundary + "\r\n").getBytes());
os.write( "Content-Type: text/plain\r\n".getBytes());
os.write( ("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"" + paramName + "\"\r\n").getBytes());;
os.write( ("\r\n" + value + "\r\n").getBytes());
}
where
private String delimiter = "--"; private String boundary = "SwA"+Long.toString(System.currentTimeMillis())+"SwA";To add a file part we can use:
public void addFilePart(String paramName, String fileName, byte[] data) throws Exception {
os.write( (delimiter + boundary + "\r\n").getBytes());
os.write( ("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"" + paramName + "\"; filename=\"" + fileName + "\"\r\n" ).getBytes());
os.write( ("Content-Type: application/octet-stream\r\n" ).getBytes());
os.write( ("Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary\r\n" ).getBytes());
os.write("\r\n".getBytes());
os.write(data);
os.write("\r\n".getBytes());
}
So in our app we have:
private class SendHttpRequestTask extends AsyncTask<String, Void, String> {
@Override
protected String doInBackground(String... params) {
String url = params[0];
String param1 = params[1];
String param2 = params[2];
Bitmap b = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(UploadActivity.this.getResources(), R.drawable.logo);
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
b.compress(CompressFormat.PNG, 0, baos);
try {
HttpClient client = new HttpClient(url);
client.connectForMultipart();
client.addFormPart("param1", param1);
client.addFormPart("param2", param2);
client.addFilePart("file", "logo.png", baos.toByteArray());
client.finishMultipart();
String data = client.getResponse();
}
catch(Throwable t) {
t.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(String data) {
item.setActionView(null);
}
}
Running it we have:
 |  |
You might be interested on:
Android AsyncTask ListView -JSON
Android AsyncTask ListView -JSON
